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The revelatory story, now in paperback, of the worst disaster in the history of the Western migrations—and how Brigham Young made it a parable of the indomitable Mormon spirit.
• Dramatic re-telling of a terrible but little-known tragedy: In 1856, 220 Mormons traveling west to Utah, pushing and pulling their belongings in handcarts, died of malnutrition and hypothermia. Roberts draws on contemporary letters and diaries to re-create the drama and suffering.
• A powerful indictment of Brigham Young: Young had been warned that the pilgrims were at risk from winter storms; he could have waited until the next year or sent aid eastward sooner but failed to do so until it was too late. Not only have Young’s biographers ignored or minimized this tragic and preventable event, they’ve tacitly accepted the official version of the story, which casts it as an unavoidable act of God that tested—and proved—the faith and steadfastness of the Mormon spirit.
• Follows the success of other books about the Mormons: Devil’s Gate will appeal to the same readers that made Jon Krakauer’s Under the Banner of Heaven and Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith’s The Mormon Murders into explosive, national bestsellers.
- Sales Rank: #582651 in Books
- Published on: 2009-08-11
- Released on: 2009-08-11
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.44" h x 1.00" w x 5.50" l, .80 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 416 pages
From Publishers Weekly
In 1856, two groups of Mormon emigrants using handcarts to transport their belongings got a disastrously late start on their westward trek to Utah. Unexpected October blizzards and the lack of restocked supplies left them stranded in Wyoming, coping with frostbite, starvation and disease. While Mormon retellings of this story have emphasized the subsequent daring rescue, Roberts sees the whole episode as an entirely preventable disaster from start to finish. Moreover, he fixes the blame at the top, arguing that Brigham Young, then president of the church, consistently undervalued human life, created dangerous situations with regard to provisions in order to pinch pennies and dissembled after the fact about not having any knowledge of the emigrants' late start. Roberts builds a persuasive case, arguing from dozens of primary sources and using the emigrants' own haunting words about their experiences. He competently situates the tragedy within the context of the 1856–1857 Mormon Reformation, a time of religious extremism. This is a solid and well-researched contribution to Mormon studies and the history of the American West. (Sept.)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
From Booklist
Although well known among the Mormon faithful, the story of the Mormon handcart tragedy remains unfamiliar to most others. Roberts seeks to remedy this via his passionate account of one of the most disastrous and ill-conceived cross-country journeys in the history of the American West. Laying the blame squarely on the shoulders of Mormon leader Brigham Young, who hatched the preposterous plan to transport more than 3,000 European converts on foot from Iowa to Utah, pushing all their belongings in handcarts, Roberts smashes the Mormon myth embellished and spun by Young that somehow managed to turn tragedy into triumph. Although some may be uncomfortable with his searing indictment of Young, this compelling account of a major frontier catastrophe is hard to put down. --Margaret Flanagan
Review
"Devil's Gate is the chilling story of the greatest disaster in the history of American westward settlement: the Mormon handcart tragedy. With meticulous research and elegant writing, Roberts tells a gripping story of impoverished Europeans brought to the New World with a promise of hope, who died in the wilderness of the American West under the most appalling circumstances. It is more than just history: it is an indictment of fundamentalism itself. This book is proof that people who are serenely certain they know the mind of God are not only presumptuous, they are dangerous. Devil's Gate is a book of history with an important message for the modern world." -- Douglas Preston, author of Blasphemy and The Monster of Florence
" This disturbing account of the Mormon immigrants who in 1856 pushed handcarts for more than 1,000 miles from Iowa to Salt Lake City is narrative history at its best. It's also pertinent to our time, for David Roberts shows how, in the cover-up of the most deadly catastrophe in the history of Western migration, political and religious leaders turned failed experiments into triumphs and tragedies into hymnals. Roberts has swept away the cobwebs in his stirring book." -- Ted Morgan, author of Wilderness at Dawn and A Shovel of Stars
" The tragedy of the handcart people forms the largest carnage of the Western migration and is one of the great wounds that made Mormonism America's most successful native religion. David Roberts in this fine book shows how the dying came not from bad luck, not from early snows, not from God, but from the Prophet Brigham Young and his pursuit of profit and power. An eye-opener on the man who brought Zion to our desert and our national life." -- Charles Bowden, author of Desierto and Blues for Cannibals
Most helpful customer reviews
90 of 100 people found the following review helpful.
Important Perspective
By Todd Morgan
This book provides an important perspective on one of the greatest horrors of the settlement of Utah.
My great-great-great grandmother was a member of the Hunt wagon train that trailed the two hand cart companies that are the focus of this book. She died a day before the remains of her family arrived in Salt Lake City in December, 1856. Three of her children died along the trail. Two others arrived seriously frostbitten. All available evidence suggests that the surviving family members remained true to the Church. But it is hard to believe that the family would have made the trek from England to Utah had they had any realistic notion of what awaited them.
My grandfather was a man of faith, a good Mormon, who lived his entire life in Utah; all of it with a serious attitude about the leadership of the LDS church. I have often wondered about the roots of his somber hostility toward higher ups in the Church, whom he generally regarded as feckless fancies more concerned with appearance than truth. I find this same strain of disgust in the attitudes of my uncles. In my family, there is great appreciation and affection for everyday people who live in the understory of the the Mormon hierarchy, and very often a generally accepted bitterness toward Church leadership, in word and manner.
I have long suspected that the strain of deep bitterness evident in the family had its roots in a deep sense of great injustice sometime in the past. This book may provide the answer.
The stories my grandmother shared about the horrors of the last emigration of 1856 were honest yet focused on faith and enhancing understanding and appreciation for the hardships suffered by our ancestors. There was never mention that the suffering was caused in large measure by the bad decisions of Church leadership.
I've read dozens of accounts of the emigration of 1856. This book matters. It is the best yet.
The author writes with a profound respect for the humanity of all involved, but also with a clear head about the causes and consequences of terribly flawed decisions.
When I take people to the mouth of Emigration Canyon and relate the story of my great-great-grandmother who arrived there, "dead in the wagon," I will look at the men on the top of the great monument there with respect, but not with the reverence that is commonly promoted. I will also wish for them the fruits of their faith - the opportunity to face the souls of the good people who didn't make it to Salt Lake in 1856 for all eternity - as equals.
37 of 43 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent history of Preventable Tragedy...
By lordhoot
Devil's Gate by David Roberts proves to be a well written account of the Mormon Handcart expeditions. Although the handcart expeditions constituted only about 10% of new Mormons coming into Utah Territory during this period, the legends and mythology of the trials and suffering of the members of these handcart expeditions make them a near demi-gods to Mormon historians. The book explained very well the essence of these handcart expeditions and their history.
However the key elements of this book lies in the Willie and Martin Handcart expeditions, both handcart trains that left on their journey to Utah Territory late in the season and how they were caught in the on-coming winter storms. Over 200 Mormons died due to exposure, weakened by lack of food, clothing and burdened with physical and mental hardship. The author's intent was to proved that these deaths did not have to happened and could have been preventable. Once more, the deadly finger of blame lies toward the leadership of the LDS Church who created the handcart expedition plan for that year. Brigham Young, ultimately stand in the center of this since he was the leader of the Church, helped initiate and plan the handcart expeditions. Thus as the leader, the buck stops with him. The blames can equally be shared with lower level of Mormon command structures, the elders who shared Young's plans and encouraged by his mindset. They encouraged Willie and Martin handcart companies forward into the wilderness. The people who made up these companies were just new arrivals from England, knowing nothing of the terrain they were about to go over nor the weather they could be expecting. They relied solely on their American Mormon breathens and the leadership from Salt Lake City that took them this far. They were sorely let down by all of them.
Still, this is an amazing story of courage and valor that would make anyone proud. The book is very descriptive of their activities, relying greatly on journals and notes of the people involved. Despite of the hardship, despite of deaths, they never give up, and even after they were rescued, they never blamed a soul for their suffering. They were the true heroes of the story. I am sorry to say that I can't say much about the people who sent them on nor the leadership in Salt Lake City that urged that mindset.
Overall, a great history book that tell a story that needed to be told. Its scattered the mythology created by the modern day Mormons regarding the Willie and Martin handcart expeditions that highlights their rescue but not the reason why they needed rescuing. And its a great book for anyone interested in American western history as it shows that not all wagon trains were pulled by four-legged animals.
I am afraid, those of the LDS faith will probably have troubles with this book. While the book talked highly of Mormons of Willie and Martin handcart companies, it does not talk very highly for the Mormon leadership at any level. Brigham Young defenders will not doubt go up in arms by his portrayal in this book. Others may go up in arms because the author mentioned Will Bagley quite a few times. I think for a Mormon, Bagley and Sally Denton are the anti-Christ of their faith based history.
Still for the rest of us, this is an easy to read, highly interesting and quite educational book that should be an eye-opener for many.
14 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
A mania for the benefit of all - -
By C. Bryan
Devil's Gate is a place along the Mormon Trail in the middle of Wyoming (Natrona County), where the Sweetwater River passes through a narrow canyon a few miles west of Independence Rock, just one of those apealing appelations people tag onto natural formations of dirt and rock. But, in this case, it is a placename attending "The Great Mormon Handcart Tragedy", part of the subtitle for this very readable book, an account of suffering and sacrifice in mid-ninteenth century America.
Zealous fervor (to use the kindest language for the intensity for irrational belief) is common among human factions, displayed in many forms. Delusion, too, is not limited to language groups or geographical locals; people often are carried away to unrealistic goals (though through luck and perseverance, often succeed). Events, though, can proceed occasionally to death and martyrdom, and, within a closed society, survivors of initial hardships steel themselves in confirmation of their faith - true whether persecuted into self-righteousness or beligerantly aggressive to convert the uninformed.
"Devil's Gate" is a condemnation of Brigham Young's intent to flood Deseret with pilgrims with scant support, depending entirely on the zestful yearning his followers had for soul-salvation in a place ordaned as nearly perfect for life in close association with their God. It is a study of stubborn determination (on behalf of Church elders surely and, indeed, regarding the pilgrims' persistence), and an indictment of a hairbrained scheme, one that took advantage of misplaced faith in a despot with a deep-seated persecution complex.
David Roberts, a well published author on many topics, gives a balanced appraisal of the plan for economics over convenience - of having people march overland, instead of riding in wagons, pulling two-wheeled carts of imperfect design and improper construction, transporting few possessions. 1,300 miles is a daunting distance to walk over the easiest of terrain, and in the best of climates. Health and youth are the greatest assets for such a journey but, sadly, hundreds of elderly and unprepared persons died in this attempt, when age and weakness took their terrible toll. Some lost their desire to establish the New Kingdom and abandoned the cause, but even those who died along the trail were often also condemned as unfit for fellowship among the blessed.
Mr. Roberts' research throughout the LDS archives (with great cooperation, he stresses) takes the apostates' and apologists' declamations in proportion to their beligerence and sincerity, making an even-handed assesment; he seeks the truth without bias and, in my opinion, fairly represents a story of determination in all the aspects of that word.
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