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A groundbreaking examination of new scientific research that holds the secret to weight loss, increased strength, endurance, memory, and a healthier, longer life
In The Longevity Factor, noted neuroscientist and surgeon Joseph Maroon, M.D., offers the definitive look at recent scientific breakthroughs identifying a group of natural substances -- including the much-publicized molecule resveratrol -- that can actually activate a specific set of genes in humans that promote a longer, healthier life. These substances, which make red wine, dark chocolate, and green tea good for us, appear to stave off a wide array of age-related diseases and keep us feeling young and vital.
Resveratrol is the centerpiece of headline-making research being conducted at the Harvard Medical School and elsewhere. Only recently, however, have scientists discovered how to isolate resveratrol and concentrate it into an affordable and safe supplement. Already, more than 200 supplements featuring resveratrol have flooded the market, and there are countless more on the way. But which ones work best? What is a consumer to look for on the label? Since resveratrol is a natural substance, can you get enough of it through diet alone, or should you combine diet with a supplement? And what lies on the horizon from the pharmaceutical industry? All those questions and many more are answered in this immensely informative and practical book.
Joseph Maroon offers the first-ever inside look at the amazing research that has led to the discovery of resveratrol and similar substances with the miraculous ability to activate our own longevity genes. He also offers his own diet plan and sound, reader-friendly advice for living a longer, healthier, and more balanced life with or without supplements. The Longevity Factor promises to be the authoritative source for everyone who wants to know more about how we can shift from the current paradigm of aging to a disease-free golden age of health, longevity, and fitness.
- Sales Rank: #823406 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Atria Books
- Published on: 2009-10-06
- Released on: 2009-10-06
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.75" h x 1.10" w x 5.63" l, .80 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 368 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"If you are ready to start living and to stop dying, The Longevity Factor is for you. Dr. Joseph Maroon has applied the same intelligence and diligence that propelled him to the top of the neurosurgical specialty into writing this book. Leaving no stone unturned, he has created a guidebook for longevity that is both audacious and achievable." -- Sanjay Gupta, M.D., neurosurgeon and chief medical correspondent, CNN
"Dr. Maroon offers remarkable insights into the powerful health benefits of natural compounds found in everyday, wholesome foods." -- Mehmet Oz, M.D.
"A clear and practical book about how we can all begin to use the new science of gene activation for longevity. Read this book and join the adventures of new possibilities." -- David Servan-Schreiber, M.D., Ph.D.; New York Times bestselling author of Anticancer: A New Way of Life
"Joseph Maroon, my neurosurgeon, offers an extraordinary opportunity to understand that our future health and longevity truly rests in the most readily available of natural substances. The Longevity Factor challenges the current paradigm of aging and is a must-read for all of us who want to live longer, healthier, stronger, and happier lives." -- Greg Norman
"Dr. Maroon provides compelling new insights into the potential to prevent or at least delay the outset of disease typically associated with aging. This is an important read for everyone interested in living a long, healthy life." -- Wayne Gattinella, president & CEO, WebMD Health
"How can you protect yourself against cancer and heart and Alzheimer's disease, increase your endurance, and obtain a balanced life? Read this book. The Longevity Factor is the best and clearest summary of the anti-aging and disease prevention properties of resveratrol and red wine yet." -- Robert M. Goldman, M.D., Ph.D., D.O., FAASP; chairman, World Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine
About the Author
Dr. Joseph Maroon studied medicine at Indiana University, Georgetown, and Oxford University. He began his practice in 1982 at the University of Pittsburgh, where in 1999 he was named the Heindl Scholar and Vice Chairman of the department of Neuroscience. In 1986, he was named President of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, the largest society of its kind in North America. He has been honored internationally for his work, and has published widely in his area. He has been the team neurosurgeon for the Pittsburgh Steelers for the past 20 years, and has developed a computerized scanning system to evaluate concussions that has been adopted throughout the NFL, NHL, NBA, NASCAR as well as more than 1000 high schools and colleges. Maroon has remained an active athlete since college, having competed in more than 50 triathlons, including 5 Ironman competitions.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1
The Origins of Life
In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was without form, and void....And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life...and every living creature that moveth...: and God saw that it was good.
-- GENESIS, CHAPTER 1
On the last day of February 1953, students and faculty members from the Cavendish Laboratory at England's University of Cambridge were having lunch at the Eagle pub, drinking Green King beer and enjoying the bar, with its graffiti from World War II airmen. At the top of the lunch hour, Francis Crick, a thirty-seven-year-old physicist turned biologist who had not yet earned his PhD, bounded in and loudly announced to his colleague, the zoologist turned geneticist James Watson, "We have found the secret of life!" Indeed they had. That morning, the two young scientists had deciphered the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) -- two strands of sugar connected by paired molecules called bases -- an accomplishment for which they would later win the Nobel Prize.
That structure, a "double helix" that can "unzip" to make copies of itself, was the finding that confirmed that DNA carried the hereditary code of life. Crick and Watson immediately published their findings in the scientific journal Nature, and capped a rather academic, dry account of DNA's structure with one of the most famous understatements in the history of science: "It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairings we have postulated immediately suggest a possible copying mechanism for genetic material" -- that is, of life.
Fifty years later, in 2003, another landmark paper appeared in the same prestigious international journal, also from a Cambridge laboratory, but this time in Massachusetts. The head of the Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging at Harvard Medical School, David Sinclair, and his associates published a paper entitled "Small Molecule Activators of Sirtuins Extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lifespan." A year later, another peer-reviewed journal, Molecular Microbiology, published their follow-up article, "Small Molecules That Regulate Lifespan: Evidence for Xenohormesis."
Sinclair explained that certain plants can increase production of specialized molecules during times of stress, such as drought or increased ultraviolet radiation from the sun. When consumed by animals, these plant molecules, which Sinclair called xeno factors, were found to interact with the animals' genes and impart amazing health benefits. Most astonishing was the observation that these laboratory animals lived substantially longer -- in some cases, up to 50 percent longer -- than their average expected life span. Tests for cell damage indicated that they were also much healthier, with fewer occurrences of cancer, heart disease, and brain cell deterioration than is normally seen with aging (see figure 1).
This discovery, which has since been confirmed in laboratories at MIT and the University of California, San Francisco, is revolutionizing our ideas of how and why we age. Because human DNA has important basic similarities with animal DNA, we also possess similar genes that can be activated by eating these specialized plant molecules. For the first time in human history, there is real evidence that we can use this process to slow aging and live not only longer but healthier.
In the Beginning
When I considered that the same stressed plant molecules could prolong life in yeast (evolutionarily approximately one billion years old), fish (500 million years old), and mammals (200 million years old), I became perplexed. What could possibly be the biological connection between the lowly yeast and humankind? To solve this scientific conundrum, I found myself going farther and farther back in time, asking more questions. What are the most basic molecular factors that all living things have in common? And is there a common biological language that makes all cells form, grow, function, reproduce, and die?
This incredible story of discovery may well begin with the formation of the universe nearly 14 billion years ago, when all the matter, energy, and space in what is now the observable universe were contained in a single infinitely dense point. From that point came a cataclysmic, fiery explosion commonly referred to as the "big bang" (see figure 2), in which space expanded and particles of the embryonic universe formed. These particles coalesced to form the billions of galaxies that now make up the universe, including our own Milky Way, with its own billions of stars.
After the big bang, incomprehensible amounts of heat and radiation were released and subatomic particles were formed -- including protons, neutrons, electrons, quarks, and baryons -- all of which would become the building blocks of life as we know it. This material cooled until approximately 4.5 billion years ago, when the earth was formed. Initially, as recorded in Genesis, water did completely cover the globe. There was no oxygen, only intense cosmic radiation, turbulent seas, volcanic eruptions, and frequent meteoric bombardments from outer space. During the next billion years, primary elements needed to support life were formed, including carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, calcium, copper, and iron.
The Origin of Life
It was indeed from the waters that life on our planet began. Charles Darwin, in 1871, made the suggestion that the original spark of life may have begun in a "warm little pond with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts, light, heat, and electricity present, so that a protein compound was chemically formed that was ready to undergo still more complex changes." These changes led to a crucial step in the formation of life: the development of a more complex molecule that was itself capable of reproducing itself. The latest research now indicates that ribonucleic acid, or RNA -- a molecule similar to DNA -- may have been the first complex molecule on which life was developed. Like DNA, RNA contains genetic information, but it also performs chemical reactions, like some proteins. But proteins cannot reproduce on their own; that was the amazing feat accomplished by RNA.
RNA is the common ancestor that has given rise to the major cell lines of life. The first of these belongs to a type of bacteria called prokaryotes, which lack a cellular nucleus. Bacteria that are two to three billion years old have been discovered in ancient rocks from Australia. They have survived throughout the millennia due to the simplicity of their design and their ability to become dormant for long periods at a time.
The second cell line is the eukaryote. These cells contain a cell nucleus, separated from the rest of the cell by a membrane; this nucleus is where the cell's DNA is housed. The word eukaryote, which derives from ancient Greek, refers to the "true nucleus." Eukaryotic cells are the basic building blocks of all animal life, from single-celled organisms like amoebas to complex human beings. Interestingly, fungi, mushrooms, and yeast also have eukaryote cell types; this is why the study of yeast cells has been found helpful in understanding many human cellular functions.
Cells of the third type, the archaebacteria, a subset of prokaryotes, have been referred to as "life's extremists." These cells inhabit some of the most forbidding and remote environments on the planet, including the depths of hot springs, or extremely alkaline or acidic waters. They live in the mud of marshes and at the very bottom of the ocean, and they thrive in places hostile to all other life-forms.
The first animal cells appeared about 1.5 billion years ago, single-cell organisms that were able to reproduce. Protected by a cell membrane formed of protein and fats, they were also able to use raw materials that could be converted into energy, and to respond to changes in environmental temperature, acidity, or nutrient levels. These reactions were facilitated by specialized reactive molecules called enzymes.
Enzymes, which we will learn more about, are specialized proteins that act as catalysts and can help alter and form other more complex proteins and nucleic acids that make up RNA and DNA. They are critical to the function and survival of all living things. In his research, David Sinclair discovered one specific enzyme critical to longevity.
With the formation of algae and multicellular structures like jellyfish and plankton, the stage was set for the evolution of higher organisms. Yeast was formed approximately 900 million years ago. Although for thousands of years it was used for fermenting alcohol and making bread, yeast wasn't known to be a living organism until Louis Pasteur confirmed it in the 1860s. Yeast subsequently played a critical role, as we shall see, in the study of aging. Six hundred million years ago, the first animals, invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, worms, and insects, made their appearance on our planet. Plants eventually evolved from ancient green algae and populated the earth approximately 400 million years ago, shortly before the appearance of vertebrate animals about 380 million years ago (see figure 3).
After the abrupt eradication of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago, following a dramatic drop in the earth's temperature, mammals began to proliferate, leading to the appearance of our humanlike ancestors approximately 2 million to 3 million years ago. Modern humankind is but a flash in the evolutionary night, being approximately 400,000 years old, with a recorded history less than 15,000 years old. Carl Sagan put this in perspective when he speculated on the evolution of human intelligence in his book The Dragons of Eden. He constructed a timeline in which the period from the big bang to the present moment was represented by a 365-day calendar year. In that scenario, all of recorded human history occupies the last ten seconds of December 31; the time from the waning of the Middle Ages to the present would occupy little more than one ...
Most helpful customer reviews
62 of 68 people found the following review helpful.
Fantastic book
By Danattherock
As an ER nurse, I see more heart attacks than I would prefer. Thought the "French Paradox" was interesting, but I was skeptical. Turns out, the more research I do, the more credible it appears. This book had a page or two about muscadine wine. I was glad to see this as "The Red Wine Diet" did not. I give "The Longevity Factor" five stars for mentioning this. The other book was all about French red wines and did not speak one word of muscadine wine even though every source I can find suggest it is a far greater source of resveratrol. Muscadine wine is very popular in the Southeast, but not elswhere as the grapes will not grow in other regions. Muscadine was used for 8,000 years by native americans. Wines were made in the early 1500's in the New World as explorers found this grapes growing wild all over the coastal areas of the Southeast. Turns out, muscadine grapes have far more health benefits than traditional red wines. I have read anywhere from 10X to 40X the amount of resveratrol compared to traditional red wines. Bowman Gray School of Medicine (Wake Forest) did a study this past year on Natures Pearl, a muscadine seed supplement, and results should be out any time now. What I have seen so far looks very promising. A cardiology professor led the study and it is to be printed any time now for the public. Duplin Winery located in Rose Hill, North Carolina, the largest muscadine winery, sells a similar/same product Nutragrape. They have great wines and a very informative website as well. Harvard School of Medicine showed the anti-oxidants in muscadine wine increased mice life expectancy 30%, even with high fat diets. Reductions in LDH (bad cholesterol) and increases in HDL (good cholesterol) were significant. An independent lab in Wareham, Mass, Biotech, said that the muscadine seed had more resveratol in it than anything they had ever tested. I have contacted researchers from Miss State, Florida Univ, and other state level organizations and all my info says the same thing. Muscadine wine/grapes are far superior to all other red wines in regards to health benefits. It is perplexing to me. Why is so little said about this on a national level? Why do most the books and articles speak only of red wines like Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, etc..? Two thoughts on the subject. One, muscadine grapes only grow in the Southeast of the US and are just a well kept secret to the rest of the world. Two, the market for French, California, Argentina, Austalian, wines is so great, and is experiencing a surge as people start drinking red wine for health reasons, that it would hurt the sales of these wines if people found out that $7-15/bottle muscadine wine was more healthy. I am appreciative that the author of this book included the information on muscadine wine. Few books I have read to date included it. Perhaps this is a case of "sweet wines" not being given any credibility. Perhaps they just don't cost enough. Not sure. But I do know that there is no way I will be drinking the firm tannin, astringent, and expensive french red wines after the information I have discovered recently. I will be taking a Natures Pearl or Nutragrape supplement in the morning, putting a little muscadine jelly on my toast, and having a wonderful glass of sweet southern made muscadine wine with my evening meal. I encourage anyone to research this area further. I suspect you, like me, will be surprised at what you find out. As a sidenote, Smith-Glaxo-Kline (huge pharmaceutical corporation) recently payed 3/4 of a BILLION dollars for a study on resveratrol. I suspect the "Fountain of Youth" pill will be coming out in the next 5 years or so. Do some reading, dig a little beneath the surface and get past the hype of French red wines. Google "muscadine health" for starters.
17 of 17 people found the following review helpful.
The Longevity Factor
By M. Michenzi
Dr. Maroon,a very respected neurosurgeon, has presented a very convincing set of facts supporting the premise of gene activation for longevity. Although, as a nurse I have some advantage in understanding factors in health and disease, it is not necessary to thoroughly absorb the facts he presents. The book is extremely easy to read and hard to put down. I've already highly recommended the book to my friends and family. I'm grateful for his research in this subject.
10 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
I love this book!
By Daniel G. Amen
The Longevity Factor is a critically important book. Our society is going the wrong way and neuroscientist and neurosurgeon Joe Maroon is helping us get back on track. If you follow his advice you will be thinner, smarter, happier and be around long enough to tell people about it. The book reads like a mystery novel, is based on solid science, and makes you want to do things differently to enhance your health. I highly recommend it!!
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